How to Write Algorithms & Flowcharts for IGNOU Practical Files
Introduction to Algorithms and Flowcharts in IGNOU Practicals
In IGNOU practical exams, algorithms and flowcharts are essential components of every practical file. Whether you are studying BCA, MCA, PGDCA, or any computer-related program, IGNOU expects students to explain the logic behind their programs before they write any code.
Algorithms and flowcharts help examiners understand how you think, not just what you code. A clear algorithm and a tidy flowchart can significantly boost your practical marks and viva performance.
You can find the official guidelines for preparing practical files in the IGNOU program guides available on the official website: https://www.ignou.ac.in
What Is an Algorithm?
An algorithm is a finite, step-by-step procedure used to solve a problem. In IGNOU practical files, an algorithm outlines the logical steps of your program in simple language, without programming syntax.
Algorithms are written before the program code and are often the first thing an examiner looks at during a viva.
Why Algorithms Are Important in IGNOU Practical Files
Algorithms are important in IGNOU evaluations because they:
- Show clarity of thought and logical reasoning
- Help examiners assess understanding during viva
- Make programs easy to explain and revise
- Improve the readability of practical files
- Carry weight in internal assessments at many study centers
IGNOU emphasizes clear conceptual understanding over rote coding, which is why algorithms are required in most lab manuals.
Standard Format of an Algorithm for IGNOU Practicals
IGNOU does not enforce a strict format, but most study centers expect algorithms to follow a clear and consistent structure.
A standard algorithm format typically includes:
- Title of the problem
- Step-by-step instructions
- Logical sequence
- Simple language
- Numbered or bulleted steps
Example of a Correct Algorithm (IGNOU Style)
Problem: Find the factorial of a given number
Algorithm:
- Start
- Read a number N
- Initialize FACT = 1
- Repeat steps 5 and 6 for i = 1 to N
- FACT = FACT × i
- Increment i
- Display FACT
- Stop
This type of algorithm is simple, examiner-friendly, and ready for viva.
Common Mistakes Students Make While Writing Algorithms
Many IGNOU students lose marks due to avoidable errors such as:
- Writing program code instead of logic
- Using programming syntax (like
for,printf,{}) - Skipping Start and Stop steps
- Writing long paragraphs instead of steps
- Not aligning algorithm steps with the program logic
Always remember: Algorithms explain logic, not language syntax.
What Is a Flowchart?
A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm. It shows the flow of control from start to end using standard symbols.
In IGNOU practical files, flowcharts are usually created after the algorithm and before the program code.
Importance of Flowcharts in IGNOU Practicals
Flowcharts are important because they:
- Visually explain program logic
- Make complex logic easy to understand
- Assist examiners during viva questioning
- Enhance the presentation quality of practical files
- Are often asked to be explained in viva voce
Many examiners will ask you to “Explain this flowchart” or “Convert this flowchart into a program.”
Standard Flowchart Symbols Used in IGNOU
IGNOU requires students to use basic standard symbols, not complex designs.
Commonly used symbols include:
- Oval – Start/Stop
- Parallelogram – Input/Output
- Rectangle – Processing
- Diamond – Decision (Yes/No)
- Arrow – Flow direction
Using the correct symbols leaves a positive impression on the examiner.
How to Draw a Flowchart for IGNOU Practical Files
Flowcharts should be clear, logical, and neatly drawn (hand-drawn is perfectly acceptable).
Here are the steps to draw a flowchart:
- Start with the Start symbol
- Use the Input symbol to take input
- Clearly show processing steps
- Use decision symbols where conditions apply
- End with the Stop symbol
- Maintain proper flow direction (top to bottom)
Example Flowchart Explanation (Factorial Program)
Flowchart logic explanation:
- Start
- Input number N
- Set FACT = 1
- Check if i ≤ N
- If Yes, multiply FACT by i and increment i
- Repeat until the condition fails
- Display FACT
- Stop
Even if you draw it manually, clarity is more important than artistic perfection.
Difference Between Algorithm and Flowchart
Many viva questions focus on this comparison.
Algorithm:
- Written in text form
- Step-by-step logic
- Easy to modify
- Takes up less space
Flowchart:
- Graphical representation
- Visual clarity
- Easy to understand at a glance
- Helps explain logic in viva
Both are important and complement each other in IGNOU practical files.
Where to Place Algorithms and Flowcharts in Practical Files
The recommended order in IGNOU practical files is:
- Experiment Title
- Objective
- Algorithm
- Flowchart
- Program Code
- Output
- Observation
Following this order makes your file examiner-friendly and professional.
Viva Voce Questions Related to Algorithms and Flowcharts
Common viva questions include:
- What is an algorithm?
- Why do we use flowcharts?
- Explain the flowchart of this program
- What happens if this condition fails?
- Can this algorithm be optimized?
Preparing algorithms and flowcharts properly helps you answer these questions confidently.
Tips to Score High Marks Using Algorithms & Flowcharts
- Write algorithms in simple English
- Avoid programming keywords
- Number each step clearly
- Keep flowcharts neat and well-labeled
- Align algorithm steps with code logic
- Practice explaining flowcharts out loud
These small steps can greatly improve your practical and viva marks.
IGNOU Official References for Practical Guidelines
Students should always refer to official IGNOU resources for practical rules and formats:
IGNOU Official Website:
https://www.ignou.ac.in
IGNOU Programme Guides (All Courses):
https://www.ignou.ac.in/viewFile/SOCIS/programmeguide
IGNOU Student Zone:
https://www.ignou.ac.in/studentzone
Final Words
Algorithms and flowcharts are the foundation of IGNOU practical files. They show logical thinking, enhance presentation, and play a key role in viva performance. If written well, they help you achieve higher marks and make programming easier to understand and review.